four routes. R2#show ip route ospf 12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 12.12.12.12 [110/65] via 172.12.123.1, 00:18:52, Serial0 13.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 13.13.13.13 [110/65] via 172.12.123.1, 00:18:42, Serial0 14.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 14.14.14.14 [110/65] via 172.12.123.1, 00:18:32, Serial0 15.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 15.15.15.15 [110/65] via 172.12.123.1, 00:18:32, Serial0 To keep the routing tables of downstream routers smaller but still have the desired IP connectivity, we can use the area range command on R1 to summarize these four routes. The key to keep in mind with the area range command is that the area number given in the command is the area containing the destinations, NOT the area that will receive the summary route. R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#area 1 range 12.0.0.0 252.0.0.0 R2 now shows a single summary route that can be used to reach all four remote networks. R2#show ip route ospf O IA 12.0.0.0/6 [110/65] via 172.12.123.1, 00:00:21, Serial0 Interestingly enough, there's now an additional route in R1's routing table. R1#show ip route ospf O 12.0.0.0/6 is a summary, 00:07:53, Null0 When you configure summary routes in OSPF, a route to null0 will be installed into the OSPF routing table of the router performing the summarization. This helps to prevent routing loops. Any packets destined for the routes that have been summarized will have a longer match in the routing table, and packets that do not match one of the summarized routes but do match the summary route will be dropped. Title: Cisco CCNP / BSCI Exam Tutorial: Configuring And Troubleshooting OSPF Virtual Links Word Count: 606 Summary: Configuring and troubleshooting OSPF virtual links are skills you'll need to pass the BSCI exam. Learn these skills from Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933. Keywords: cisco, ccnp, certification, bsci, ospf, virtual, links, stub, total, area, ccna, pass, free, transit Article Body: Knowing when and how to create an OSPF virtual link is an essential skill for BSCI and CCNP exam success, not to mention how important it can be on your job! As a CCNA and CCNP candidate, you know the theory of virtual links, so let's take a look at how to configure a virtual link, as well as some real-world tips that many CCNA and CCNP study guides leave out! In this configuration, no router with an interface in Area 4 has a physical interface in Area 0. This means a logical connection to Area
piece
is
an
abstract
triptych
that
I
found
while
I
was
in
Atlanta
buying
religious
paintings
The
piece
was
called
Guardian
Angel
and
I
love
it
My
patrons
fell
in
love
with
it
as
well
They
have
asked
me
to
track
down
the
artist
and
see
if
he
has
anymore
religious
paintings
available
The
only
religious
paintings
that
I
actually
do
not
buy
are
ones
that
reflect
the
image
of
Jesus
on
the
cross
I
don’t
have
a
problem
with
them
some
of
them
are
extremely
well
done
and
would
more
than
likely
sell
well
but
my
investors
made
it
very
clear
when
they
financed
the
gallery
that
I
would
not
put
that
image
into
it
PPPPP
683
Ajello
Candles
The
motto
of
the
Ajello
Candle
Company
is
“It’s
better
to
light
a
candle
than
to
curse
the
darkness”
This
candle
making
company
has
been
in
business
since
1775
The
business
has
been
family
owned
for
seven
generations
The
candles
from
Ajello’s
are
well
known
for
their
beauty
and
quality
While
they
make
more
candles
now
than
in
1775
their
dedication
to
quality
and
to
customers
has
never
changed
The
Ajello
Candle
Company
was
founded
by
Rafael
Ajello
an
Italian
painter
He
was
also
a
beekeeper
so
he
tried
his
hand
at
using
bees
wax
to
create
candles
He
worked
hard
to
create
a
formula
that
worked
well
The
formula
combined
with
his
outstanding
artistic
ability
lead
to
the
birth
of
the
Ajello
Candle
Company
In
1785
the
company
earned
the
honor
of
creating
all
the
candles
for
the
Vatican
He
and
his
wife
ran
the
business
keeping
their
children
involved
in
the
processes
from
an
early
age
As
time
went
on
their
children
and
grandchildren
kept
the
business
running
as
well
as
passed
the
family
business
on
to
their
children
By
1862
the
company
had
established
itself
as
a
leader
among
the
candle
making
industry
They
had
also
added
perfumes
and
many
.
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